PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.